UHS Punjab MDCAT Biology Reproduction — Set 3

Reproduction MCQs set 3 for UHS Punjab MDCAT Biology — 20 solved questions.

UHS Punjab MDCAT Biology Reproduction — Set 3

  1. Question 1

    Q1. Which part of the human brain regulates the onset of puberty by stimulating the hypothalamus?

    • A) Hypothalamus itself
    • B) Pineal gland
    • C) Amygdala
    • D) Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

    Answer: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

    Explanation: HPG axis triggers puberty, pineal gland regulates circadian rhythms.

  2. Question 2

    Q2. In a normal human menstrual cycle, which hormone peaks around day 14?

    • A) Estrogen
    • B) Progesterone
    • C) LH
    • D) FSH

    Answer: LH

    Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation, estrogen peaks before LH.

  3. Question 3

    Q3. A woman with a history of ectopic pregnancies is at increased risk for which complication?

    • A) Placenta previa
    • B) Placental abruption
    • C) Preeclampsia
    • D) Intrauterine growth restriction

    Answer: Placenta previa

    Explanation: Ectopic pregnancy increases risk of placenta previa, not directly other options.

  4. Question 4

    Q4. What is the primary function of the zona pellucida in human fertilization?

    • A) To facilitate sperm penetration
    • B) To prevent polyspermy
    • C) To nourish the developing embryo
    • D) To protect the ovum from immune cells

    Answer: To prevent polyspermy

    Explanation: Zona pellucida prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing the egg.

  5. Question 5

    Q5. During human embryonic development, which structure is responsible for the formation of the placenta?

    • A) Trophoblast
    • B) Inner cell mass
    • C) Blastocyst
    • D) Morula

    Answer: Trophoblast

    Explanation: Trophoblast gives rise to placenta, inner cell mass to fetus.

  6. Question 6

    Q6. A 25-year-old woman experiences heavy menstrual bleeding due to a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. What is the name of this condition?

    • A) Endometriosis
    • B) Adenomyosis
    • C) Uterine fibroids
    • D) Polycystic ovary syndrome

    Answer: Endometriosis

    Explanation: Endometriosis involves endometrial tissue in incorrect locations, causing pain and bleeding.

  7. Question 7

    Q7. In human males, which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty?

    • A) Testosterone
    • B) Dihydrotestosterone
    • C) Estradiol
    • D) Growth hormone

    Answer: Testosterone

    Explanation: Testosterone drives male secondary sexual characteristics, DHT is a derivative.

  8. Question 8

    Q8. A couple is having trouble conceiving due to the woman's irregular ovulation. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating ovulation?

    • A) FSH
    • B) LH
    • C) Estrogen
    • D) Progesterone

    Answer: LH

    Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation, FSH stimulates follicle growth.

  9. Question 9

    Q9. What is the medical term for the surgical removal of the uterus?

    • A) Hysterectomy
    • B) Oophorectomy
    • C) Salpingectomy
    • D) Mastectomy

    Answer: Hysterectomy

    Explanation: Hysterectomy involves removing the uterus, oophorectomy the ovaries.

  10. Question 10

    Q10. A 20-year-old woman is diagnosed with primary amenorrhea due to a condition where the vagina and uterus are underdeveloped. What is the name of this condition?

    • A) Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
    • B) Polycystic ovary syndrome
    • C) Turner syndrome
    • D) Androgen insensitivity syndrome

    Answer: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome

    Explanation: MRKH syndrome involves underdevelopment of the vagina and uterus.

  11. Question 11

    Q11. During human pregnancy, which hormone is produced by the placenta to maintain pregnancy?

    • A) hCG
    • B) Estrogen
    • C) Progesterone
    • D) Relaxin

    Answer: Progesterone

    Explanation: Progesterone maintains pregnancy, hCG initially supports the corpus luteum.

  12. Question 12

    Q12. What is the term for the period of rapid fetal growth during pregnancy?

    • A) Embryogenesis
    • B) Fetal development
    • C) Organogenesis
    • D) Fetal maturation

    Answer: Fetal development

    Explanation: Fetal development includes the period of rapid growth.

  13. Question 13

    Q13. A 28-year-old woman experiences painful menstrual cramps due to a condition characterized by the growth of uterine tissue in the muscular wall of the uterus. What is the name of this condition?

    • A) Endometriosis
    • B) Adenomyosis
    • C) Uterine fibroids
    • D) Dysmenorrhea

    Answer: Adenomyosis

    Explanation: Adenomyosis involves endometrial tissue in the uterine wall, causing pain.

  14. Question 14

    Q14. In human males, which structure is responsible for the production of sperm?

    • A) Seminal vesicles
    • B) Prostate gland
    • C) Testes
    • D) Epididymis

    Answer: Testes

    Explanation: Testes produce sperm, epididymis stores and matures sperm.

  15. Question 15

    Q15. A couple is considering genetic testing due to a family history of a genetic disorder. What is the term for the process by which an embryo's genetic material is analyzed?

    • A) Amniocentesis
    • B) Chorionic villus sampling
    • C) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
    • D) Karyotyping

    Answer: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

    Explanation: PGD involves analyzing the embryo's genetic material before implantation.

  16. Question 16

    Q16. What is the medical term for the surgical removal of a fallopian tube?

    • A) Salpingectomy
    • B) Oophorectomy
    • C) Hysterectomy
    • D) Tubal ligation

    Answer: Salpingectomy

    Explanation: Salpingectomy involves removing a fallopian tube, oophorectomy an ovary.

  17. Question 17

    Q17. A 35-year-old woman experiences hot flashes and night sweats due to a condition characterized by the decline of ovarian function. What is the name of this condition?

    • A) Menopause
    • B) Perimenopause
    • C) Premature ovarian failure
    • D) Polycystic ovary syndrome

    Answer: Menopause

    Explanation: Menopause is the cessation of ovarian function, perimenopause the transition.

  18. Question 18

    Q18. A couple is trying to conceive, but the wife has irregular menstrual cycles due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle and is often imbalanced in PCOS?

    • A) Estrogen
    • B) Progesterone
    • C) Testosterone
    • D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

    Answer: Estrogen

    Explanation: Estrogen imbalance affects menstrual regularity, unlike testosterone or FSH.

  19. Question 19

    Q19. What is the main difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in terms of the number of gametes produced?

    • A) Spermatogenesis produces 2 gametes, while oogenesis produces 4
    • B) Spermatogenesis produces 4 gametes, while oogenesis produces 1
    • C) Spermatogenesis produces 1 gamete, while oogenesis produces 4
    • D) Spermatogenesis produces 1 gamete, while oogenesis produces 2

    Answer: Spermatogenesis produces 4 gametes, while oogenesis produces 1

    Explanation: Spermatogenesis produces 4 sperm, while oogenesis produces 1 egg, unlike the other options.

  20. Question 20

    Q20. A woman is experiencing menopause, and her doctor prescribes hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which hormone is often used in HRT to alleviate menopausal symptoms?

    • A) Estrogen
    • B) Progesterone
    • C) Testosterone
    • D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

    Answer: Estrogen

    Explanation: Estrogen is primarily used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, unlike progesterone or testosterone.