Level 1
Biology MCQs set 2 for PPSC Sanitary Inspector (BS-11) Everyday Science — 20 solved questions.
Q1. ______ is the clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood from which clotting factors have been removed.
Answer: Serum
Explanation: Serum is the scientifically accurate choice. The concept tested here is core everyday science for MDCAT, ECAT, and general ability papers.
Q2. Scurvy occurs due to a deficiency of which vitamin?
Answer: Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is the scientifically accurate choice. The concept tested here is core everyday science for MDCAT, ECAT, and general ability papers.
Q3. Which one of the following is known as the 'brain of the computer'?
Answer: Control unit
Explanation: Control unit is the scientifically accurate choice. The concept tested here is core everyday science for MDCAT, ECAT, and general ability papers.
Q4. Which vitamin is known as Ascorbic Acid?
Answer: C
Explanation: Ascorbic acid is the chemical name for Vitamin C, an essential water-soluble antioxidant vitamin required for collagen synthesis and immune function.
Q5. In the human eye, the light-sensitive layer made of specialized nerve cells (rods and cones) is called the ______.
Answer: retina
Explanation: The retina is the light-sensitive inner lining of the eye containing photoreceptor cells - rods (for low-light vision) and cones (for color and detail) - that convert light into nerve signals.
Q6. Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of:
Answer: Vitamins or minerals
Explanation: Deficiency diseases arise specifically from inadequate intake of essential micronutrients - vitamins (e.g., scurvy from Vitamin C deficiency) and minerals (e.g., anemia from iron deficiency).
Q7. Which of the following protects the body against infectious diseases and foreign invaders?
Answer: Leukocytes
Explanation: Leukocytes (white blood cells) are the primary cellular components of the immune system; they identify and destroy pathogens, foreign cells, and abnormal body cells.
Q8. In the hand, there are how many bones?
Answer: 27 bones
Explanation: The human hand contains 27 bones: 8 carpals (wrist), 5 metacarpals (palm), and 14 phalanges (fingers - 3 per finger and 2 for the thumb).
Q9. Leucocytes (white blood cells) are produced in the:
Answer: Bone marrow
Explanation: White blood cells (leukocytes) are produced in the red bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells, along with red blood cells and platelets.
Q10. Excessive vomiting and diarrhea may result in a decrease of which of the following in the bloodstream?
Answer: Sodium
Explanation: Excessive vomiting and diarrhea cause hyponatremia - loss of sodium through fluid and electrolyte depletion - which can critically affect nerve and muscle function.
Q11. A deficiency of iron in the human diet causes:
Answer: Anaemia
Explanation: Iron is required for hemoglobin synthesis; deficiency reduces hemoglobin levels in red blood cells, resulting in iron-deficiency anemia characterized by fatigue and pallor.
Q12. The healing of wounds is hastened by vitamin ______.
Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential for collagen synthesis; it activates the enzymes prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase that stabilize collagen, which is critical for wound healing.
Q13. Which viruses are related to the ongoing COVID-19?
Answer: SARS & MERS
Explanation: SARS & MERS is the scientifically accurate choice. The concept tested here is core everyday science for MDCAT, ECAT, and general ability papers.
Q14. Electrical activity of the brain is measured by:
Answer: Electroencephalography (EEG)
Explanation: Electroencephalography (EEG) is the scientifically accurate choice. The concept tested here is core everyday science for MDCAT, ECAT, and general ability papers.
Q15. A branch of biology dealing with the structure and function of cells is called:
Answer: Cytology
Explanation: Cytology is the branch of biology that examines the structure, function, and chemistry of cells using microscopy and other analytical techniques.
Q16. Which of the following pollutants in water causes "Minamata disease"?
Answer: Methylmercury
Explanation: Minamata disease is severe neurological damage caused by methylmercury poisoning; it was first identified in Minamata, Japan, where industrial wastewater contaminated fish consumed by residents.
Q17. A heart attack is caused due to:
Answer: Cholesterol
Explanation: Excess cholesterol builds up in arterial walls forming plaques (atherosclerosis), narrowing coronary arteries and restricting blood flow to the heart, causing a heart attack.
Q18. When a disease occurs over a large area of the Earth's surface at one time, it is called a:
Answer: Pandemic disease
Explanation: Pandemic disease is the scientifically accurate choice. The concept tested here is core everyday science for MDCAT, ECAT, and general ability papers.
Q19. Which part of the human body is most affected by the hepatitis virus?
Answer: Liver
Explanation: Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E) primarily infect and damage liver cells (hepatocytes), causing inflammation, jaundice, and potentially cirrhosis or liver failure.
Q20. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
Answer: Smallpox
Explanation: Smallpox is caused by the Variola virus; tuberculosis is bacterial (Mycobacterium), malaria is parasitic (Plasmodium), and cholera is bacterial (Vibrio cholerae).