Level 1
Nutrition & Health MCQs set 3 for NTS LESCO / IESCO / FESCO / GEPCO Clerk Everyday Science — 20 solved questions.
Q1. Scurvy can be prevented by the intake of:
Answer: Vitamin C
Explanation: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), which is essential for collagen synthesis; without it, connective tissues break down.
Q2. Which fruit contains the most protein?
Answer: Avocado
Explanation: Avocado is the highest-protein fruit, containing about 2g of protein per 100g, along with healthy fats; it far exceeds the protein content of apples, mangoes, or strawberries.
Q3. Which of the following has the maximum calories?
Answer: Fats
Explanation: Fats yield 9 kcal per gram, which is more than double the 4 kcal per gram provided by both carbohydrates and proteins, making fats the most calorie-dense macronutrient.
Q4. Deficiency of chloride causes impaired growth in:
Answer: Infants
Explanation: Chloride is essential for maintaining acid-base balance and proper hydration; its deficiency in infants impairs normal growth and development.
Q5. Which vitamin is provided to the body by sunlight?
Answer: Vitamin D
Explanation: Sunlight triggers the synthesis of Vitamin D in skin cells, where UV-B radiation converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to pre-vitamin D3, then to active Vitamin D3.
Q6. The disease beriberi is caused by:
Answer: Use of milled rice
Explanation: Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (Vitamin B1); milling rice strips away the outer bran layer where most thiamine is stored, leaving polished rice deficient in the vitamin.
Q7. In humans, most nutrient molecules are absorbed by the:
Answer: Small intestine
Explanation: The small intestine, lined with villi and microvilli, is the primary site of nutrient absorption; its large surface area allows efficient uptake of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins.
Q8. Deficiency of ______ causes loss of appetite and poor growth.
Answer: Zinc
Explanation: Zinc deficiency impairs growth hormone function and appetite regulation, leading to stunted growth, poor appetite, delayed sexual maturation, and weakened immunity in children.
Q9. Which among the following is the richest source of ascorbic acid?
Answer: Guava
Explanation: Guava is one of the richest sources of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), containing approximately 228 mg per 100g - far exceeding citrus fruits, apples, beans, and carrots.
Q10. Deficiency of which vitamin decreases hemoglobin production?
Answer: Pyridoxine
Explanation: Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) is essential for heme synthesis; deficiency impairs the production of delta-aminolevulinic acid, reducing hemoglobin formation and causing microcytic anemia.
Q11. Which of the following nutrients has the highest calorific value?
Answer: Fats
Explanation: Fats yield approximately 9 kcal per gram, which is more than double the 4 kcal per gram provided by carbohydrates or proteins, giving them the highest calorific value among nutrients.
Q12. Deficiency of Vitamin C leads to a disease known as
Answer: Scurvy
Explanation: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is required for collagen synthesis; its deficiency causes scurvy, characterised by bleeding gums, bruising, and poor wound healing.
Q13. Milk lacks one important nutrient:
Answer: Iron
Explanation: Milk is deficient in iron; it provides excellent calcium and protein but contains insufficient iron, which is why iron-deficiency anemia can occur in infants fed exclusively on cow's milk.
Q14. Which disease is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin D:
Answer: Rickets
Explanation: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralisation; its deficiency in children causes rickets, a condition characterised by soft and deformed bones.
Q15. The proteins are made in the cells under the instructions of:
Answer: Genes
Explanation: Genes carry the coded instructions (via DNA transcription and mRNA translation) that direct ribosomes to assemble specific sequences of amino acids into proteins.
Q16. Deficiency of which vitamin in the human body causes scurvy?
Answer: Vitamin C
Explanation: Scurvy results from Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency; without it, the body cannot synthesize collagen, leading to bleeding gums, bruising, and wound-healing failure.
Q17. Insulin, a protein, acts as?
Answer: A hormone
Explanation: Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreas that signals cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream, thereby regulating blood sugar levels.
Q18. The vitamin which can be most easily synthesised in the human body is
Answer: Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D is uniquely synthesized in human skin when UV-B radiation from sunlight converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3).
Q19. Which is the protein factory for RNA?
Answer: Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes is the scientifically accurate choice. The concept tested here is core everyday science for MDCAT, ECAT, and general ability papers.
Q20. The calorie is a unit of what quantity?
Answer: Heat
Explanation: The calorie is a unit of heat energy, defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.