Level 1
Fiqh MCQs set 2 for PPSC District Education Officer Islamic Studies — 20 solved questions.
Q1. Which of the following acts falls under the category of "Mubah" in Islamic law?
Answer: Eating permissible food without excess
Explanation: Mubah (permissible) refers to acts that are neither rewarded nor punished - they are legally neutral. Eating permissible (halal) food in normal quantities is a classic example of Mubah, as it is allowed but carries neither merit nor sin in ordinary circumstances.
Q2. In Usul al-Fiqh, a text whose meaning admits only one interpretation is called:
Answer: Nass (explicit text)
Explanation: In Hanafi Usul al-Fiqh, Nass refers to a text with an explicit, unambiguous meaning that is the primary and definitive purpose of the text, admitting no other interpretation. It is distinguished from Zahir (apparent meaning that could be interpreted differently) and Mujmal (ambiguous text requiring explanation).
Q3. A "mujtahid mutlaq" is a scholar who:
Answer: Has unrestricted independent reasoning across all legal sources
Explanation: A mujtahid mutlaq (absolute or independent jurist) is a scholar qualified to exercise full independent legal reasoning across all sources of Sharia without being bound by any particular school. The four Imams are classic examples. This is contrasted with mujtahid muntasib, who reasons within a school's framework.
Q4. Which of the following best describes "Istishab" in Islamic jurisprudence?
Answer: Presumption of continuity - what was established remains until contrary evidence
Explanation: Istishab (presumption of continuity) is a principle used in all four schools which presumes that an established legal state continues until there is evidence of change. For example, a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty, and a marriage is presumed valid until proven otherwise.
Q5. Which category of Islamic ruling makes an act absolutely prohibited with sin incurred upon performance?
Answer: Haram
Explanation: Haram refers to acts that are absolutely prohibited in Islamic law - performing them incurs sin and divine punishment, while abstaining earns reward. Examples include consuming alcohol, eating pork, and committing theft. It is the highest level of prohibition in the Sharia ruling scale.
Q6. Which of the following is the correct descending order of sources of Islamic law in the Hanafi school?
Answer: Quran → Sunnah → Ijma → Qiyas
Explanation: In the Hanafi school (and broadly across all four schools), the correct order of legal sources is Quran first, then Sunnah, then Ijma (consensus), then Qiyas (analogy). The Hanafi school additionally includes Istihsan and Urf as supplementary sources beyond these four.
Q7. In Usul al-Fiqh, a command (amr) in the Quran or Sunnah is presumed to indicate which level of obligation by default?
Answer: Wujub (obligation - i.e., obligatory act)
Explanation: The default presumption in Usul al-Fiqh is that an unqualified command (amr) in the Quran or Sunnah indicates Wujub (obligation), meaning the commanded act is Fard or Wajib. This presumption can be overridden by contextual evidence indicating recommendation (nadb) or permissibility.
Q8. For wealth categories subject to zakah, classical fiqh requires that holdings reach before zakah becomes due at the lunar year’s end (where applicable)
Answer: The nisab threshold and eligibility rules for the asset class
Explanation: Zakah is tied to definable wealth thresholds (nisab) and timing rules rather than to prayer counts or hajj completion. This is a frequent definitional point in basic fiqh MCQs.
Q9. A traveller asks whether missing prayer while sleeping can be made up later the same day according to common Hanafi teaching in Pakistani exam notes. What is the usual remedial action taught for unintentionally missed Salah?
Answer: Perform the missed prayer when remembered or when awake even if the time has passed under standard qada teaching
Explanation: Under standard Hanafi teaching, a Salah missed unintentionally (e.g., due to sleep) must be performed as Qada (makeup prayer) as soon as one remembers or wakes, even outside its time.
Q10. A nurse with a chronic illness cannot fast without serious harm. Which application matches common textbook rulings for legitimate exemption with possible fidya or makeup depending on case notes students study?
Answer: They may be excused under valid sharai reasons and follow the prescribed substitute or later makeup guidance given by qualified scholars
Explanation: Islamic law permits exemption from fasting for those with legitimate medical conditions; they may follow scholarly guidance on fidya (feeding the poor for each missed day) or making up fasts later if health recovers.
Q11. In many Sunni textbooks who is barred from receiving Zakat because ofprophetic honor rules tied to Hashimi lineage?
Answer: A needy Sayyid Hashimi
Explanation: Descendants of the Prophet's Hashimi clan (Sayyids/Ashraf) are barred from receiving Zakat in the Hanafi and majority opinion, as the Prophet stated that Zakat is the purification of people's wealth and is not lawful for his family (Banu Hashim).
Q12. How many Fard (obligatory) acts are there in Wudu?
Answer: 4
Explanation: The four Fard (obligatory) acts of Wudu in the Hanafi school are: washing the face, washing both arms up to and including the elbows, performing masah (wiping) of one quarter of the head, and washing both feet up to and including the ankles.
Q13. At how many times during the day is offering of Salah (prayer) forbidden?
Answer: 3
Explanation: Prayer is forbidden at three specific times: when the sun is rising, when it is at its zenith (midday), and when it is setting - based on authentic hadith narrations to prevent resemblance to sun worship.
Q14. What does "Sunnah" refer to in Islamic jurisprudence?
Answer: The practices and traditions of the Prophet
Explanation: Sunnah in Islamic jurisprudence refers to the recorded practices, sayings, and tacit approvals of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), serving as the second primary source of Islamic law after the Quran.
Q15. In Islamic jurisprudence, "Ijma" refers to which of the following?
Answer: The consensus of Islamic scholars
Explanation: Ijma refers to the scholarly consensus of qualified Islamic jurists on a legal ruling, and it is recognized as one of the four primary sources of Islamic law.
Q16. What does "Fiqh" mean in Islamic scholarship?
Answer: Jurisprudence or deep understanding of Islamic law
Explanation: Fiqh derives from an Arabic root meaning deep understanding; it refers to Islamic jurisprudence - the scholarly discipline of deriving detailed legal rulings from the primary sources of Sharia.
Q17. In Islamic jurisprudence, "Qiyas" means?
Answer: Analogical deduction from the Quran and Sunnah
Explanation: Qiyas is the juristic method of extending a ruling from an established case in the Quran or Sunnah to a new case by identifying a shared underlying reason (illah), making it the primary tool of analogical legal reasoning.
Q18. What is a "Fatwa" in Islamic law?
Answer: A formal legal opinion issued by a qualified scholar
Explanation: A Fatwa is a formal legal opinion or ruling issued by a qualified Islamic scholar (mufti) in response to a specific question about Islamic law.
Q19. Which of the following does NOT nullify Wudu in the Hanafi school?
Answer: Vomiting a small amount (less than a mouthful)
Explanation: حنفی مسلک میں ایک مشت سے کم مقدار میں قے آنا وضو نہیں توڑتی؛ صرف ایک مشت یا اس سے زیادہ قے آنے پر وضو ٹوٹتا ہے، اس لیے تھوڑی قے سے وضو باقی رہتا ہے۔
Q20. Najasah Ghalizah (heavy impurity) requires washing the affected area a minimum of how many times until the impurity is removed?
Answer: Three times until the impurity is gone
Explanation: According to the Hanafi school, Najasah Ghalizah (heavy impurity) must be washed until the impurity's smell, colour, and taste are eliminated, typically requiring at least three washes.