What is a "primary surplus" in Pakistan's fiscal context and why did the IMF require it?
Q1. What is a "primary surplus" in Pakistan's fiscal context and why did the IMF require it?
Answer: Government revenue exceeding expenditure before interest payments, signaling debt sustainability
Explanation: A primary surplus means government revenue exceeds all expenditure except interest payments; the IMF requires Pakistan to achieve this because it signals that, absent debt service costs, the government is not borrowing to fund operations — a key indicator of debt sustainability.