The "Madrasa" as a formal institution of higher religious learning was first widely established under the patronage of the:
Q1. The "Madrasa" as a formal institution of higher religious learning was first widely established under the patronage of the:
Answer: Seljuks
Explanation: The Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk established the famous Nizamiyya madrasa network (founded 1065 CE in Baghdad), institutionalizing formal Islamic higher education across the Muslim world.