The city of Timbuktu was a major center for Islamic scholarship and trade under which West African empire?
Q1. The city of Timbuktu was a major center for Islamic scholarship and trade under which West African empire?
Answer: Mali Empire
Explanation: Timbuktu (in modern Mali) flourished as a center of Islamic learning under the Mali Empire (13th–14th centuries), particularly during the reign of Mansa Musa, before later prominence under the Songhai Empire.