The city of "Samarkand" was conquered and became a major Islamic center under the leadership of which Umayyad general?
Q1. The city of "Samarkand" was conquered and became a major Islamic center under the leadership of which Umayyad general?
Answer: Qutayba ibn Muslim
Explanation: Qutayba ibn Muslim al-Bahili, the Umayyad commander, conquered Samarkand (in modern Uzbekistan) around 712 CE, making it a pivotal center of Islamic civilization in Central Asia.