Who was the first Islamic ruler to organize and mint a standardized Islamic currency (dinar and dirham)?
Q1. Who was the first Islamic ruler to organize and mint a standardized Islamic currency (dinar and dirham)?
Answer: Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Explanation: Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (r. 685–705 CE) was the first Islamic ruler to mint a purely Islamic currency (the gold dinar and silver dirham) without any Byzantine or Sassanid imagery.