The "Mihna" or inquisition, which enforced the Mu'tazili doctrine of a created Quran, was initiated by which Abbasid Caliph?
Q1. The "Mihna" or inquisition, which enforced the Mu'tazili doctrine of a created Quran, was initiated by which Abbasid Caliph?
Answer: Al-Ma'mun
Explanation: Caliph Al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833 CE) initiated the Mihna (inquisition) in 833 CE, forcing scholars to affirm the Mu'tazili doctrine that the Qur'an was created; Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal famously resisted this policy.