The assassination of which Caliph led to the first civil war (Fitna) in Islam?
Q1. The assassination of which Caliph led to the first civil war (Fitna) in Islam?
Answer: Uthman (RA)
Explanation: The assassination of Caliph Uthman (RA) in 35 AH (656 CE) triggered the First Fitna (civil war), leading to disputes over Ali's caliphate, the Battle of the Camel, and eventually the Battle of Siffin.