A student confuses “anti-defection blackening of party switching” with “president’s assembly dissolution power.” Which amendment is correctly tied to party-discipline rules in the late 1990s?
Q1. A student confuses “anti-defection blackening of party switching” with “president’s assembly dissolution power.” Which amendment is correctly tied to party-discipline rules in the late 1990s?
Answer: The Fourteenth Amendment Act 1997
Explanation: The Fourteenth Amendment Act of 1997, passed under Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, introduced strict anti-defection provisions making it mandatory for members of the National and Provincial Assemblies to vote in accordance with party directives or face disqualification. It aimed to end the floor-crossing that had destabilized governments throughout the 1990s.