Textbook flowcharts place “Validation of laws and courts during the 1977–1985 interruption” as a constitutional repair item. Which amendment is the standard label for that indemnity-style accommodation?
Q1. Textbook flowcharts place “Validation of laws and courts during the 1977–1985 interruption” as a constitutional repair item. Which amendment is the standard label for that indemnity-style accommodation?
Answer: The Eighth Amendment Act 1985
Explanation: The Eighth Amendment Act 1985, passed under General Zia ul-Haq's government, provided constitutional indemnity (validation) for all laws, orders, and actions taken during the martial law period from 1977 to 1985. It also controversially inserted Article 58(2)(b) giving the President power to dissolve the National Assembly.