The Urdu literary tradition of depicting courtesans (tawaif) as cultured, educated women is best exemplified by which novel?
Q1. The Urdu literary tradition of depicting courtesans (tawaif) as cultured, educated women is best exemplified by which novel?
Answer: Umrao Jaan Ada
Explanation: Umrao Jaan Ada by Mirza Hadi Ruswa presents the courtesan Umrao Jaan as a highly cultured, educated woman who composes poetry, challenging the stereotype of tawaif as mere entertainers in Lucknowi society.